A country’s foreign policy consists of a wide range of activities aimed at achieving the nation’s goals in a global context. This includes diplomatic relations, negotiating trade agreements, supporting development and humanitarian aid, providing military alliances, addressing international conflicts and peacekeeping missions, and developing a strategic relationship with other nations and international organizations. It also includes promoting the nation’s cultural and economic interests abroad.
The United States is the only truly global power in modern times. Its military reach extends to every corner of the globe, and its economy fuels world trade. But if not exercised with care, America’s unrivaled power can breed resentment, even among allies.
While the precise definition of “foreign policy” can vary widely, most scholars distinguish four broad categories of objectives:
National security: Preventing terrorist attacks, maintaining America’s military advantage over other countries, preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction, and protecting the United States’ homeland and citizens from terrorism and natural disasters are top priorities for most Americans.
Economic foreign policy: Facilitating free-trade agreements, promoting exports, and attracting foreign investment are key objectives. This category also encompasses the provision of development assistance and humanitarian aid, usually in cooperation with other governments or international agencies.
The importance of these goals is reflected in public opinion, as well as the relative popularity of different candidates for president. Among adults ages 18 to 49, the economy and improving access to jobs rank higher as a priority for Washington than combatting terrorism or supporting human rights in other countries. Among adults 50 and older, on the other hand, support for Ukraine, limiting Russia’s influence in Europe, strengthening NATO, and fostering democracy worldwide are major concerns.